Wisdom teeth—also known as third molars—are the last set of teeth to develop, typically emerging between the ages of 17 and 25. While these teeth were useful for our ancestors who needed strong molars to chew tough foods, they are often unnecessary in the modern mouth. In fact, for many people, wisdom teeth cause more problems than benefits. As a result, dentists and oral surgeons frequently recommend wisdom teeth removal. But how do you know if your wisdom teeth should be removed?
This blog explores who should consider having their wisdom teeth taken out, the problems they can cause if left untreated, and why timing is critical.
What Are Wisdom Teeth?
Wisdom teeth are the third set of molars located at the very back of your mouth—two on the top and two on the bottom. In an ideal situation, these teeth grow in completely and align properly with the other teeth. However, this is often not the case. Most people’s jaws are too small to accommodate four additional molars, and as a result, the wisdom teeth can become impacted, misaligned, or only partially erupt.
Common Issues Caused by Wisdom Teeth
Before diving into who should get their wisdom teeth removed, it’s important to understand why these teeth often need to come out in the first place. Some of the most common problems include:
1. Impaction
An impacted wisdom tooth is one that doesn’t have enough space to emerge or develop normally. It may remain trapped in the jawbone or gums, growing at an angle and pressing against adjacent teeth. Impacted teeth can cause pain, swelling, jaw stiffness, and infection.
2. Crowding
Even if the wisdom teeth erupt properly, there may not be enough room in the mouth. The addition of four extra teeth can crowd existing teeth, leading to misalignment and damage. This is especially concerning for people who have had orthodontic treatment, as the wisdom teeth can undo years of straightening work.
3. Tooth Decay and Gum Disease
Wisdom teeth are located at the very back of the mouth, making them hard to brush and floss properly. This makes them more susceptible to cavities and gum disease. In some cases, infections around the wisdom teeth can lead to more serious oral health issues if not treated promptly.
4. Cysts and Tumors
Though less common, impacted wisdom teeth can develop cysts—fluid-filled sacs that can damage the jawbone, nerves, and surrounding teeth. In rare cases, tumors can also form around these teeth.
Who Should Get Wisdom Teeth Removed?
Wisdom teeth removal isn’t necessary for everyone, but certain signs and conditions make extraction the best option. Here’s who should consider having them removed:
1. Teens and Young Adults (Ages 17–25)
This age group is often the best time to have wisdom teeth removed, even before they cause symptoms. At this stage, the roots aren’t fully developed and the bone is less dense, which leads to easier removal and a faster recovery. Proactive removal can prevent problems from developing later.
2. People with Impacted Teeth
If your dentist or oral surgeon discovers that your wisdom teeth are impacted—either partially or fully—they will likely recommend removal. Impacted teeth don’t have enough room to erupt normally and are prone to infection, decay, and damage to other teeth.
3. People Experiencing Pain or Discomfort
If you feel pain at the back of your mouth, especially when chewing or opening your jaw, it could be a sign your wisdom teeth are causing problems. Other symptoms might include swelling, bleeding gums, or headaches. Pain is a clear signal that something isn’t right.
4. Patients with Gum Infections or Cavities in the Wisdom Teeth
If your wisdom teeth are hard to clean, they are at risk of developing cavities or causing infections in the surrounding gum tissue. Repeated gum infections—especially a condition known as pericoronitis—are a strong reason to consider removal.
5. Orthodontic Patients
If you’ve had braces or plan to get them, your orthodontist might recommend removing wisdom teeth to prevent them from shifting your straightened teeth. The pressure from emerging wisdom teeth can ruin orthodontic progress.
6. People with Cysts or Jaw Damage
If X-rays reveal that a cyst has formed around a wisdom tooth, removing it as soon as possible is important. Left untreated, cysts can damage bone tissue and nerves and sometimes lead to benign tumors.
Who Might Not Need Removal?
Not everyone needs to have their wisdom teeth removed. In fact, some people are lucky enough to have enough room in their mouths for their third molars to grow in without issue. You may not need removal if:
- Your wisdom teeth are healthy and fully erupted
- They are positioned correctly and bite properly with opposing teeth
- You can clean them easily and thoroughly
- They are not causing pain, crowding, or damage
In such cases, dentists may take a “wait and watch” approach, monitoring the wisdom teeth through regular check-ups and X-rays.
The Importance of Early Evaluation
Early evaluation—usually during the mid to late teens—is critical in determining whether wisdom teeth should be removed. A dentist or oral surgeon will use X-rays to assess the position and development of the teeth. Early intervention can prevent complications and lead to a smoother, less invasive procedure.
What Happens If Wisdom Teeth Aren’t Removed?
If problematic wisdom teeth are not removed, the consequences can be significant. Left untreated, they can cause:
- Chronic pain and discomfort
- Infections that spread to other areas of the mouth
- Damage to nearby teeth and bone
- Development of cysts or tumors
- Difficulty chewing or opening the jaw
- Oral hygiene challenges
Waiting too long can also make the removal procedure more difficult and increase the risk of complications.
Final Thoughts
While not everyone needs to have their wisdom teeth removed, many do—especially if the teeth are impacted, causing pain, or increasing the risk of infection or misalignment. If you or your child are in the late teen years, it’s a good idea to consult a dentist for an evaluation.
Wisdom teeth removal is a preventive step that can save you from future dental issues and discomfort. If you’re experiencing symptoms or have concerns about your wisdom teeth, don’t wait. Early evaluation and timely treatment are the keys to long-term oral health.
